John Locke And Modern Capitalism - 1204 Words

John Locke was a philosopher that didn’t think human thought was based on pure egoistic behavior. Locke believed people were partially altruistic, believing that people respected the rights of others by rational thought capabilities. There is speculation about how John Locke would view the modern idea of American Capitalism and how it would complement or conflict his idea of the social contract. I will argue that John Locke would be against this interpretation of modern capitalism. There are different views of capitalism, and these interpretations can change possible outcomes of how John Locke could view them. Instead of trying to argue why modern capitalism is this interpretation, I’m going to only make the argument that he would be against the interpretation of modern capitalism provided, whether this interpretation is sound or not, for the argument is about John Locke disagreeing with this interpretation due to his idea of the social contract. Modern capitalism can be viewed as everyone gets a fair chance at being the best. While some start off ahead of others in terms of financial resources, anyone has a chance to own businesses, and make a profit for themselves. The problem however is common business techniques are deception to gain more power and wealth, even if it violates common ethic rules like truth and trust. While this is never openly discussed, stories occasionally come up about these practices, but most remain unknown, settled in court. The Social ContractShow MoreRelatedThe Philosophy Of Liberalism And Marxism Essay1390 Words   |  6 PagesThe Philosophy of Liberalism and Marxism John Locke and Karl Marx are two of the most influential philosophers when it comes to politics and how we should govern. Locke, regarded as the Father of Liberalism and Marx, the Father of Marxism, had many conflicting ideas and philosophies but their works are deep seeded into modern politics we know today and are still widely disputed John Locke’s An essay of Human Understanding in 1689. One of its main concepts is that knowledge is gained by experienceRead MoreKarl Marx : A German Influential Philosopher And One Of The Intellectual Fathers Of Communism1477 Words   |  6 Pagesindustrialized capitalism changes the very nature of an individual’s labor from that of creation to that of a form of exploitation. Marx developed his theory of alienation to reveal the human activity that dominates a society. He showed how, although aspects of the society we live in appear natural and independent it’s because they are the results of past human actions which relates to Lawrence’s work on modernity. He further explained that not only human action in the past created the modern world, butRead MoreCapitalism and Proletariats945 Words   |  4 Pages Critiques of social contract theories abound, even including criticisms from social contract theorists themselves, such as Jean-Jacques Rousseau. John Locke’s social contract theory remains one of the prominent theories to this day, and includes the idea that a thing owned in common can be obtained by adding one’s labor to it. Critics of social contract theories aren’t simply seeking to negate the theories of social contract theories, but in many cases are seeking to enhance them and show howRead MoreEssay about Critique of the Communist Manifesto861 Words   |  4 Pagessociety, and are still subjected for debate. In John Lockes Second Treatise on Government, Lockes reasoning with property, gives an indirect argument to some of Marxs ideas while supporting others. The Communist Manifesto is the written attempt to explain the goals of the Communism. It begins by claiming that all historical progress has been derived from class struggles and how these struggles have lead to the current state of society. The modern bourgeois society that has sprouted from theRead MoreThe Intellectual Tradition Of Political Economy1692 Words   |  7 PagesTraditions in Political Economy i) In what significant ways does modern liberalism break from classical liberalism s conceptualization of the market? In your answer, be sure to focus on the principles of classical and modern liberalism, as well as key 20th-century intellectual developments in each tradition. The definitional conceptualization of the five premises of political economy underscores the differences classical and modern liberalism. These premises include human nature, society, governmentRead MoreJohn Locke : An Influential Philosopher845 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Locke was perhaps one of the most influential political philosophers of the modern period. In the Second Treatise of Government, John Locke discusses the move from a state of nature and perfect freedom to a then governed society in which authority is given to a legislative and executive power. His major ideas included liberalism and capitalism, state of nature, state of war and the desire to protect one’s property. In his Second Treatise on Government Locke focus’ on liberalism capitalismRead MoreHuman reason has not always been a presence in our daily lives. Doing the right thing, being1200 Words   |  5 Pagesshed its good grace on more modern societies. For many centuries, constant war and the reconstruction to nations, countries, and empires led to the rise and fall of many different leaders and in tow their governments. Within such societies, political spokesmen like Machiavelli, Locke, and Marx, interpret their ideas to the people, which still remain significant to this day. One of their main focuses was to raise awareness, on their ideas on trust and human reason. While Locke and Marx urge us to haveRead MoreJohn Locke And Karl Marx On Private Property1389 Words   |  6 Pagesquestion. John Locke and Karl Marx are two important philosophers who analysed the concept of private property and how they believe it should be used. They both use their understanding of the law of natu re to construct their views on private property. Through this essay, Locke’s Two Treatises of Government and Marx’s The Marx - Engels Reader will be compared in an attempt to figure if humans have a right to private property and its reasons for it. Through the Two Treatises of Government, Locke discussesRead MoreShould Slave Contracts be Legal?1278 Words   |  6 Pageswithout coercion are justified in a free society. The philosophies that best illustrate this moral idea are Robert Nozick’s theory of libertarianism and Fredrick Douglass’s theory of coerced slavery; and it is best negated by John Stuart Mill’s theory of utilitarianism and John Locke’s theory of classical libertarianism. Robert Nozick’s theory of libertarianism does specifically affirm non-coerced slave contracts, however Nozick best describes his reasoning in his work Anarchy State and Utopia, claimingRead MoreEssay on The Natural Ways of Locke, Hobbes, and Rousseau1207 Words   |  5 Pages but rather a plethora of concepts surrounding the idea. With the rise of capitalism, social structure is reformed; it is during this rise in the early seventeenth and eighteenth century, that John Locke, Thomas Hobbes, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau introduce their varying opinions surrounding man in nature. The western philosophers mainly concern themselves with the concept of the social contract. Rousseau, Hobbes, and Locke begin with the conception of the individual, because in the natural state,

More Than Just A Five Dollar Bill - 1429 Words

Jordan Ernst Mr. Wycislo American Government (1) Due December 19th, 2014 Government Term Paper More Than Just a Five Dollar Bill Compared to many other countries across the globe, The United States of America is defiantly one of the youngest nations. The nation is only 238 years old which is not a long time compared to other countries. Over the last 238 years a lot has happened in America. One thing that has not changed in the United States of America is the government. When people came over from England to the United States, people were not used to having a president. The President would fulfill the wants of the people of the nation and do whatever it took. With the United States in need of A president, some of the greatest leaders†¦show more content†¦Citizens were given 160 acres of land in the western territory for approximately five years to settle on. These citizens who took this deal were responsible for improving the Western side of the United States. This helped the United States expand from East to West (http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=truedoc=3 1). Lincoln wanted to make sure that the United States did not only stay in the east, but also spread their people across the land. Although this was a very powerful law that was passed, Abraham Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation blew this away. The Emancipation Proclamation was a bill that President Lincoln signed that tried end slavery in the United States. It also gave people who were fighting in the war a reason to fight for. By Lincoln passing this law it showed that he was not just worried for the common good of certain people, but of all people. The Emancipation Proclamation was the first step for slavery to be abolished in the United States of America (http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/featured_documents/emancipation_proclamation/). The Emancipation Proclamation s helped the Union a lot in the war. Black slaves who were enslaved by the Confederates in the south were forced to work in factories. The slaves were not trusted to be put in the battle because many people feared that they would turn of the confederates and help the Union. So, the Emancipation Proclamation helped the slaves leave the South

Production Possibilities Free Essays

Production Possibilities Production possibilities frontier (PPF) or more commonly known as transformation curve is a graph that demonstrates the difference between two goods that an economy with scarce resources could produce. There are two primary determinants that may greatly affect the orientation of the PPF of a nation. These are production functions and factor endowments. We will write a custom essay sample on Production Possibilities or any similar topic only for you Order Now There is relatively a very big possibility for the PPF of a nation to shift inward. Instances such as the occurrence of war and technological disturbances that may cause technological growth and development to cease are two of the possible causes of a PPF inward shift. The Principle of Diminishing Marginal Returns can also affect the shift of the PPF of a nation. Other factors such as currency devaluation or technological and political innovation can also shift a nation’s PPF inward. Figure 1 shows the inward shift of the PPF curve of a nation that has undergone war. Due to the war, the resources of the nation, which are primarily used to produce the food and medicine have been devastated. This devastation of the resources leads to decrease in the rate of technological innovations. Moreover, the war also gave rise to the currency devaluation of the nation. By these, it can be concluded that these instances can increase the possibility of the nation’s PPF to shift inward. Given a fixed proportion of resources added with another unit of resource needed by a nation for the production of two goods and the machines needed by the nation in the production, the curve of the production possibility frontier of a nation would shift inward to  the left in time – this is due to the law of diminishing marginal returns. The law states that even though other units of resources are added to the nation’s tool for production, the marginal output of the nation would decrement until it reaches negative. And when it reaches the negative value, the PPF curve of that nation would shift inward. Currency devaluation also affects the inward shift of a nation’s PPF curve when some of the nation’s resources are being purchased from other nations. The decrease in the value of the nation’s currency would affect the amount and the value of the resources purchased. Decline in the rate of innovations could also aid in the inward shift of the PPF c urve of the nation since technological innovations may help develop and improve the production process. References: Devadoss, S., Song, W. (2003). Factor Market Oligopsony and the Production   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Possibility Frontier Review of International Economics, 11, 729-  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   744.RetrievedNovember 5, 2007 from SSRN database. Goodwin, N. R. (2007, October 9). Production possibility frontier. Retrieved November 5,   Ã‚   2007 from http://www.eoearth.org/article/Production_possibility_frontier. Parasuraman, N. S. (2002, May 1). Production-Possibility Frontier (PPF) Retrieved   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   November 5, 2007, from http://www.geocities.com/parasu41/PPF/. Suranovic, S. M. (2007). International Trade Theory and Policy [Electronic Version]. Retrieved November 5, 2007, from http://internationalecon.com/Trade/Tch60/T60-  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   7.php. How to cite Production Possibilities, Essay examples

Modern and Post Modern theory of Organization

Question: Describe about the Modern and Post Modern theory of Organization? Answer: An organization is a congregation of people working as a team under one roof, to achieve the goals of an organization. It can also be defined as the means of utilizing the strength of an individual working in a group (Robbins and Judge, 2014). The objective of forming an organization is to deliver services and products to their customers in a way that brings profit at the end of the transaction. The theories of Organization are categorized according to the eras in which they were established. Considered by many business analysts, academic researchers and economists, theories were formed which defines the dynamics of Business Organization (Czarniawska-Joerges, 2006). The theories of Organization, provides the consequence of Social Organization on approach and behaviour of interdisciplinary sections and the effect of personal traits or characteristics, of employees and employers, in the organization (Tsoukas and Chia, 2011). The sustainability, success and performance of the Organizati on and the mutual effects of environment are also determined by Organizational theories. The four basic theories of Organization are the Bureaucracy, rationalization (also known as Scientific), the division of labour and modernization theory. According to the bureaucracy theories, the officials are non-elected who makes rules and make the people of the organization follow them (Eriksson-Zetterquist, MuÃÅ'ˆllern and Styhre, 2011). The common example of Bureaucracy is the Public sector, the public universities etc. The Bureaucracy theory suggests an organization that is responsible in making decision regarding the administrative policy. The Scientific approach introduced a system and use of strategies and mathematical solutions (Bllingtoft et al., 2009). Scientific theory established formalization and specification of Objective. Setting goals helps in completion of a task, this concludes to a stable operation and logical organizational structure. The division of labour was introduced by Adam smith and eminent economist. This theory argues to justify the importance of distinct skill that results in increased productivity. The Modernization theory was executed when the world was witnessing a significant change popularly known as Urbanization (Hassard, 1993). Since then various theories were categorized under the modernization theory. The modernization theory has three important segmentation, they are: the first during 1950s and 1960s, the other during 1970s and 1980s and the third wave was during 1990s onward. The two selected theories in this study is the Modernization and Post modernization theory. The study further focuses on why these theories provide an alternative way of analysing and understanding. According to various researchers the modern world is full of power and energy which may not be controlled but they can be directed. Modernism consist four institutions they are surveillance, industrialism, capitalism and control of violence. Production in a competitive environment is focussed on making labour a commodity, and privatized ownership of a company (Utwente.nl, 2015). The Industrialism depends highly on machine, tools and equipments that required special skills to operate. This period exploited labour to a huge extent (Kenis, 2010). The post modernism was the time which was characterised by increased disparity based on the earlier periods of Modernism. Modernity brought a wave of change; these changes were from social to economic effect. The approach of Post modernity finds the atonement for shortcomings or mistakes accredited to modernity. Post modernity plays the critical part of identifying institutional progress that produces a sense of dispersion and fragmentation. The post modern theory introduced awareness like the ethical awareness, the social awareness, the innovative business strategy, globalization and many others. Among this Corporate social Responsibility is a very recent concept (Locke, 2003). In South Africa 1986, the leading beverage soft drink company Coca Cola took the responsibility to donate $1 million to fund to provide support for developing the educational and housing system and announced plans to sell its stock of 30% of major bottler and 55% canning operation. At that time Pepsi adhered to various social essentials to which they eventually suffered low market share (Moses and Vest, 2010). This was a strategy of Coke to get the market dominance. Coca cola Company in Columbia workers in Columbia made charges against the company. The company collaborated with the government of Columbia charging violent accusations on their workers. It was later investigated and found that more than hundred- eighty workers have been the victim of human rights violation for about 15 years (Gill, 2007). Majority workers were not unionized and worked for low wages. This was a big exploitation of Labour. As described in earlier the exploitation of Labour began in Industrial era. Thus Post modernism introduced a revolution, but it also had shortcomings of Labour exploitation. During 2004 to 2010, Coca cola started designing community programs; the company introduced a sustainability scheme. Coca-Cola started making people aware soft-drinks-related fitness and nutritional troubles and the mounting prevalence of fatness to which sugar-sweet beverage drinks contributed (Raman, 2007). This Scheme targeted atimproving its brand image to be committed to promoting explanations tothe global health-related unhelpful side-effects of modern lifestyles. This enhanced the modern theory by highlighting the needs of the customer more than the company (Adekola and Sergi, 2007). Though Coca cola was leading beverage drinks company yet its image of caring about it customers brought a significant change in its popularity. Following that scheme Coca cola introduced diet products and energy drinks and mineral waters to promote healthy lifestyle (Johnson, 2012). In modern day the coca cola company is considered to be decentralized to a high extent. It is a structure for approving modernism. In respect to that the company has two vital groups of operation; they are the corporate and the bottling investment (Williams and Curtis, 2007). The groups that perform various operations in the organization are divided into various groups according to the regions, like Latin America, European Union, the Pacific, Eurasia, Africa and likewise various other region. These groups are further distributed in to fragmented smaller regions (BOONE, 2012). The Organization and its supplementary recruits around 31,000 populations on global basis which can be considered as post modernism in positive aspect where livelihood is a creative process (Elmore, n.d.). Apart from concentrates, syrup and beverages which enhances the brand of the company and almost more than 230 other soft drink varieties are produced by the Company and its smaller units over 200 countries in the world (Clay, 2005). In addition of the beverage drink Minute Maid Company, the management structure of the companys operation is divided in five geographic groups. United States and Canada are included in the North American group (Isdell and Beasley, 2011). In the Latin American group, the crosswise South and Central America operations, like from Argentina to Mexicos end, are also included (Luo, 2004). The group of Europe moves from Russia in east, to Greenland. Some markets in Eastern Europe are accepted to have the most developed markets. In African and Middle Eastern countries the group has spread in all over those areas. The structure of the company is combined with both organic as well as mechanic model of team working which the respective areas of the company is on the sensitive part (Huth, 2008). The flexibility and stability of the company along with the high standardization and centralization indicates the mechanistic model configuration. The Organic model structure can be found through the low and high standardization, the efficiency, the complex and simple centralization and the down and top approach (Burton, 2006). Both the structures seem to be ideal for the company. The crucial function of the company is to be flexible. This effort of Coca-Cola is to establish more in large and diverse number so they could do well in the market (Sabmiller.com, 2015). To be efficient in production the continuity of maintaining high standard had become a crucial task for the organization. Utilizing integration of complex nature mechanistic model estimates the clear concept of coordination of the company in global forum (Daft and Marcic, 2014). The organizational deliberation in the chains with the companys goal is kept by the centralization process. The flow of information runs smoothly in every direction because of the easy access by the upper management, which is a modernistic advantage (Burton, DeSanctis and Obel, 2006). The significant strategic dynamic structure that the company has to maintain throughout its existence has influenced their goal (Lowitt, n.d.). The employees were satisfied and that concluded to good sales for the company. The organization is putting its effort to develop a creative tradition by moving towards decentralization even though it seems that it is not satisfied with the trend in beverage industry. In Coca cola Company the business level strategy is unique since the company is famous to apply creative strategy in promotional marketing which helps to promote its brand name by recognizing a major benefit source for any kind of business and it gives and upper hand to creative marketing tool (Ireland, Hoskisson and Hitt, 2008). Recently the output process is the biggest reason for lack of stability for the company as previously stated the company doesnt produce the end product but its distributors comes up with the end product . The main structural characteristic of the company applies the mass production is a mechanic structure where potential production is compulsory end (French and Schermerhorn, 2008). In the year 1977 the Minister of Industries of India invoked a specific provision regarding Foreign Exchange Regulation Act which stated that international companies have to dilute their equity shares to their Indian units of about 40%, in order to remain in the country (Gopinath and Prasad, 2012). Coca-Cola refused to be a part and then made an exit from India (Thehindu.com, 2015). On October 1993 Coca Cola returned in India which rejoiced the millions of Coca-Cola consumers in India. This was when the economy of India became flexible for foreign market. The plan to re enter the economy began in 1990, when they planned to make a joint venture with the Parle group which was leading in 60% of Soft drinks in India (Fernando, 2010). This strategic alliance became a landmark in the Indian economic history as Coke acquired some of the stable brands of Parle like Thumbs up and finally made an access to the nationwide infrastructure of bottling distribution. In a firm the increase in econom ies of scale is done by increasing the productivity level and decreasing the cost level in an average (Browne, 2001). According to Operating Synergy theory, merging or joint venture helps in higher levels of activity. This theory also applied in the merging of Coca Cola and Parle group (C. FOLTZ, ARACI and KARGIN, 2015). After the re-entry of Coca cola in the Indian market, the company was marked as an inspirational symbol of global consumer citizenship for the corporate and the upper class Indians for disposed material and resources recognized as symbolic ingredients to fuel the consumption (Pride and Ferrell, nod.). The company had to face issues in rural areas and villages of India (Ciafone, 2012). The communities accused the company to pollute the ground water to which the country started facing severe water crisis (Rt.com, 2015). This is a big example of Environmentalism of the poor. The Environmentalism of the poor is a conflict of ecological resources which also includes social claim for justice, impoverished struggle for population culture and autonomy (MartÊÂ ¹inez-Alier, 2002). Today the company has been dealing with higher level of uncertainty when it has to deal with natural resources because of some ingredient (Vault.com, 2015). The company now has two to one dependable and viable suppliers. Coca Cola is now famous for its five main tools; they are quality, availability, marketing, innovation and its brand. It has a flexible structure and aims on enhancing their distribution of finance, the product the marketing and the research and development. In order to maintain an efficient operation the company hugely focuses on team work. In every product development the company gathers a group of experts for analyzing and estimating the possibilities (Coca-colacompany.com, 2015). Even the daily decision making process is also done on a panel basis. The Organizational accumulations continue to be under attack for three basic reasons: they disobey human rights, they weaken state authority, and they apposite living resources. The vital resource is their employees, communities in locality and the broader civil society. The degree of certain concerns is hugely drawing awareness in the developing countries, where corporate-led globalization treats by violating international Guidelines, including those of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the UN (Barkay, 2011). References Adekola, A. and Sergi, B. (2007).Global business management. Burlington (Vt.): Ashgate. Barkay, T. (2011). When Business and Community Meet: A Case Study of Coca-Cola.Critical Sociology, 39(2), pp.277-293. Bllingtoft, A., HaÃÅ'Ã…  konsson, D., Nielsen, J., Snow, C. and Ulhi, J. (2009).New Approaches to Organization Design. Boston, MA: Springer-Verlag US. BOONE, L. (2012).Contemporary marketing, 2013 update. [s.l.]: Cengage learning custom p. Browne, D. (2001).Heinemann business studies for AS level. Oxford: Heinemann. Burton, R. (2006).Organization design. New York, NY: Springer. Burton, R., DeSanctis, G. and Obel, B. (2006).Organizational design. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. FOLTZ, J., ARACI, D. and kargin, m. (2015).Mergers, acquisitions, joint ventures, and consolidations in agribusiness: an example of acquisition (acquisition of continental grain by cargill). 1st ed. Ciafone, A. (2012). If Thanda Matlab Coca-Cola Then Cold Drink Means Toilet Cleaner: Environmentalism of the Dispossessed in Liberalizing India.International Labor and Working-Class History, 81, pp.114-135. Clay, J. (2005).Exploring the links between international business and poverty reduction. Oxford, UK: Oxfam GB. Coca-colacompany.com, (2015).Coca-Cola - 2013 Year in Review - Operating Groups. [online] Available at: https://www.coca-colacompany.com/annual-review/2013/operating_groups.html [Accessed 24 Feb. 2015]. Czarniawska-Joerges, B. (2006).Organization theory. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. Daft, R. and Marcic, D. (2014).Building management skills. Mason, Ohio: South-Western Cengage Learning. Elmore, B. (n.d.).Citizen Coke. Eriksson-Zetterquist, U., MuÃÅ'ˆllern, T. and Styhre, A. (2011).Organization theory. Oxford [u.a.]: Oxford Univ Pr. Fernando, A. (2010).Business ethics and corporate governance. Delhi: Dorling Kindersley (India), licensees of Pearson Education in South Asia. French, R. and Schermerhorn, J. (2008).Organizational behaviour. Chichester: John Wiley Sons. Gill, L. (2007). `Right There with You': Coca-Cola, Labor Restructuring and Political Violence in Colombia.Critique of Anthropology, 27(3), pp.235-260. Gopinath, C. and Prasad, A. (2012). Toward a critical framework for understanding MNE operations: Revisiting Coca-Cola's exit from India.Organization, 20(2), pp.212-232. Hassard, J. (1993).Sociology and organization theory. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press. Huth, T. (2008).Organizing cross-functional new product development projects. [Germany]: Betriebswirtschaftlicher Verlag Dr. Th. Gabler. Ireland, R., Hoskisson, R. and Hitt, M. (2008).Understanding business strategy. Mason, OH.: South-Western Cengage Learning. Isdell, E. and Beasley, D. (2011).Inside Coca-Cola. New York: St. Martin's Press. Johnson, C. (2012).Organizational ethics. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: SAGE Publications. Kenis, P. (2010).A Review of: Organization development: Principles, processes, performance by Gary N. McLean. [Review of the book Organization development: Principles, processes, performance, G.N. McLean, 2005]. Locke, E. (2003).Post modernism and management. Amsterdam: JAI. Lowitt, E. (n.d.).The collaboration economy. Luo, Y. (2004).Coopetition in international business. Denmark: Copenhagen Business School Press. MartÊÂ ¹inez-Alier, J. (2002).The environmentalism of the poor. Northhampton, MA: Edward Elgar Pub. Moses, C. and Vest, D. (2010). Coca-Cola and PepsiCo in South Africa: A Landmark Case in Corporate Social Responsibility, Ethical Dilemmas, and the Challenges of International Business.Journal of African Business, 11(2), pp.235-251. Pride, W. and Ferrell, O. (n.d.).Foundations of marketing. Raman, K. (2007). CommunityCoca-Cola Interface: Political-Anthropological Concerns on Corporate Social Responsibility.Social Analysis, 51(3), pp.103-120. Robbins, S. and Judge, T. (2014).Essentials of organizational behavior. Boston: Pearson. Rt.com, (2015).Coca-Cola forced to close India bottling factory over excessive water use, pollution. [online] Available at: https://rt.com/news/167012-coca-cola-factory-closed-india/ [Accessed 24 Feb. 2015]. Sabmiller.com, (2015). [online] Available at: https://www.sabmiller.com/docs/default-source/press-releases/2014/coca-cola-beverages-africa-investor-presentation-november-2014.pdf?sfvrsn=2 [Accessed 24 Feb. 2015]. Thehindu.com, (2015).The Hindu : Coca-Cola's continuing saga on equity. [online] Available at: https://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/biz/2002/06/10/stories/2002061000150200.htm [Accessed 24 Feb. 2015]. Tsoukas, H. and Chia, R. (2011).Research in the sociology of organizations. Bingley, UK: Emerald. Utwente.nl, (2015).Modernization Theory. [online] Available at: https://www.utwente.nl/cw/theorieenoverzicht/Theory%20Clusters/Media,%20Culture%20and%20Society/Modernization%20Theory/ [Accessed 24 Feb. 2015]. Vault.com, (2015).The Coca-Cola Company|Company Profile|Vault.com. [online] Available at: https://www.vault.com/company-profiles/food-beverage/the-coca-cola-company/company-overview.aspx [Accessed 24 Feb. 2015]. Williams, J. and Curtis, T. (2007).CIM Coursebook 07/08 Marketing Management in Practice. Burlington: Elsevier Science Technology.

ADHD/ADD free essay sample

Being born with ADHD was not fun. It made every task appear as more of a challenge. As a child, I had trouble focusing in a fast-paced environment. I couldn’t grasp information as fast as others seemed to do. In elementary school I was taken out of my regular class to be taught in a slower paced area to which was thought to help me succeed. I had organization difficulties, and getting started on my homework was a grim task, let alone finishing it. People thought I had an advantage over them because I had a shadow helper and was given extra time on tests. In reality it was the other way around; they had the advantage. I believe A.D.D can be interpreted in other ways than a dilemma in learning. It is an exit from our conventional imagination of theory, into a diverse land of unforeseen train of the thought. We will write a custom essay sample on ADHD/ADD or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I think what others might not. I contradict your original answer with something more astonishing. Some of the most talented, creative and successful people in this world inherited ADD/ADHD. For example, Albert Einstein was born with learning disabilities, but this did not stop him from becoming the renowned genius known today.

college essay( fire dept) essays

college essay( fire dept) essays I decided to join the fire department a year and half ago as a way to aid the community in which I ¡Ã‚ ¯ve lived all my life. Firefighting has always been an interest of mine. It was something I dreamed of doing as a child. When I began to realize my dream, I had no idea of the obstacles and challenges that I would face, the things I would witness and the change it would have on me as a person. After being voted into the department, I entered what is called a  ¡Ã‚ °probie ¡ period, which is a year of probation that all rookie firemen must go through. During this time, I took many courses ranging from water rescue, CPR certification, hazardous material, and extrication training. In addition to these concentrations, I had to clean the firehouse, make beds, wash the trucks, do the dishes, and roll hose. I did this without complaint because I knew it was part of the learning process in becoming a firefighter. All the firefighters were very supportive of me, watched over me, and helped teach me the skills necessary to become a firefighter. The first call I responded to was a signal 50, which means,  ¡Ã‚ °fire ¡. I slid down the fire pole, threw on my turnout gear, which consisted of my coat, boots, hat, and pants. I jumped in the truck, feeling an overwhelming sense of nervousness and excitement. I can still remember my captain telling me hit the horn and siren as we went thorough busy downtown Mystic. I was imaging a house engulfed in flames. As we arrived at the scene to my surprise, a brush fire caused by the disposal of coal from a fireplace was the only thing I encountered that day. Since that day, though, I have come upon many high stress situations involving fatal car crashes, search and rescue, and structure fires. My first fire occurred in a two story wood building. I was at the nozzle of the hose, directing the flow of water with my captain and a fellow firefighter behind me. My captain told me ...

Business and Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Business and Law - Essay Example sets out how the agencies of the Criminal Justice System (CJS) in England and Wales will work together to deliver a justice system which: Is effective in bringing offences to justice, especially serious offences; Engages the public and inspires confidence; Puts the needs of victims at its heart; and has Simple and efficient processes.† (Working together for justice: Aims and objectives, n.d.). The Criminal justice system contributes tremendously towards maintaining justice in the country. It helps to identify illegal activities and abolish them, offers the sufferer and the witness sufficient assistance to prove the crime & awards punishment and rehabilitation to criminals. In any criminal justice system, it is important to recognize and fully understand the meaning of criminal behaviour, in the context of the constitutional or other general rule sources. A major bulk of the criminal suits in the English law system is dealt by Lay Magistrates. Most of the criminal suits begin in the Magistrates court itself. â€Å"The main advantage for using the Lay Magistrates are, Local Knowledge , Lack of Bias Gender Balance ,Saves Money , Saves Time.† (Lay magistrates, n.d.). An efficient criminal justice system always helps to increase the public confidence. The criminal justice system in the U.K. provides adequate support to sufferers and witnesses of the crime, mainly at the time of providing evidence and during the court procedures. Moreover, the Criminal justice system helps to save money at the time of expensive court trials. One of the major goals of the Criminal justice system in the U.K. is to considerably enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of all the concerned departments in the criminal justice system. â€Å"In Warwickshire an ongoing survey of victims and witnesses involved in the criminal justice system, and supported by VIP, indicates that 84% of victims and witnesses are satisfied/very satisfied with the criminal justice system and 94% are satisfied/very

Human Resource Management Analysis Questions on Movie "Office Essay

Human Resource Management Analysis Questions on Movie "Office Space" (1999) - Essay Example Instead of the company investigating their problems, it hires consultants Bob Porter and Bob Slydell to downsize its workforce. Tom Smykowski among other employees like Samir, Milton and others, suffer humiliations, indignities and now the downsizing threat. The HR could have undertaken a job evaluation or performance assessment so to determine the source of employees’ fatigue, their lack of motivation so as to improve their efficiency. Employee engagement is vital since it improves employee’s enthusiasm in the workplace (Dgj 2015). Lawrence withdrawal is illegal and unethical because it downgrades the work ethics. Since he was a displeased employee, he could have reached out to the HR and laid out his grievances for a mutual consultation. The work ethics stipulate the relevant procedures and channels of raising job grievances. He could also have utilized the Ombudsman or Labor Union for interventions (Dgj 2015). The consultants, Bobs; could have been the last resort of solving the inefficiency issues. The company suffers dysfunctional organizational culture and lack of effective employee development measures. The management employs autocratic leadership leading to disengagement of the employees (Dgj 2015). It also lacks employee development strategies to enhance their capabilities and motivational levels. Under the Contract Law, the company could sue Peter for Breach of Contract and lack of Due Diligence. Peter having signed the Contract of Employment at inception was bound to uphold the Company’s terms and condition of service which trickled to Breach of Contract. His absenteeism and work misbehaviors contributed to lack of care and conscientiousness which he could face lack of Due Diligence (Dgj 2015). The consultants abused their work ethics in a big way. First of all, they applauded Peter Gibbons misbehaviors like absconding work, coming late and neglecting the company’s dress code. Additionally, Milton relocation to the

Wealth Inequality in China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Wealth Inequality in China - Essay Example For instance, as the People’s Republic of China releases new specific each and every year the show and increased average annual income, this figure is ultimately skewed as a result of the fact that extraordinarily wealthy individuals within Chinese society are impacting upon the way in which such measurements are made and revealing a situation that is not quite the case. As a function of seeking to understand the wealth gap China to a more effective degree, the following analysis will discuss some of them made and causal factors for this wealth disparity; as well as some of the recommended changes that could ultimately seek to promote economic well-being and sustainment of a greater number of individuals within Chinese society. One of the first, perhaps the most important, factor has to do with the fact that China is ultimately struggling to build a middle class. For decades, the People’s Republic of China has begun moving away from hard-line communist ideology is more was society. However, as a direct result of this shift, those individuals that are best positioned to reap the benefits of this change are necessarily those that have close connections to the government for those that were already wealthy at the time in which a level of privatization to be developed. Furthermore, individuals within the lower class of relatively little if any upward mobility that provide access to the middle class is the upper class at a later date. However, it should not be understood that nepotism and/4 corruption with respect to privatization is the largest reason for why China continues to exhibit a particularly horrific wealth gap. Another relevant issue is with respect to culture. Ultimately, Chinese culture is one that places a very high on saving. Accordingly, as money is half down from generation to generation, the compounding impact of this, especially with regard to wealthier families, is an economic dynamic by which the very wealthy leave extraordinarily

Cultural Imperialism Is A Very Old Phenomenon Media Essay

Cultural Imperialism Is A Very Old Phenomenon Media Essay During the past five hundred years, European countries colonized southern countries in the name of spreading Christian civilization to the primitive people in other parts of the world, as well as securing resources and workers for economic production. As cultural imperialism occurs, it is said to be for the own good of the other, conquered civilization, to spread universal values, rights and standards of development. The United States are currently not the only cultural imperialists, but the spread of American values in the entire world is at the leading edge of a wave of spread of Western goods and consumerist culture. Today, the phenomenon might take a different form, as it is a lot more subtle and less brutal than the European colonization: it is being done in the name of freedom of the market and freedom of expression. There are two sides and two major views on the ongoing process. Some consider the propagation of the American culture as unavoidable and beneficial to the world, for some American cultural imperialism is a threat to other cultures. I will try to review both of them to make a better and more reasonable assumption. People who do not see the hegemony of American culture as a threat, state that through the media, the United States is spreading some universal values and human rights. To some authoritarian countries, it spreads ideas of freedom of expression, democracy, equality, and rights concepts that should be, in some peoples opinion, universal. Universality of some values may be possible human nature is not that different from one culture to another, and many values are shared across cultures. However, the majority of the worlds cultures undervalue women and children in practice if not in ethos. Finally, the majority of the worlds people, regardless of the names given to governmental regimes by those with authority, continue to live without real participatory democracy. American ideals of equality, freedom, and democracy now available in the world may give more freedom to women, children, and to minorities in all cultures, and will promote anti-racist, anti-sexist or anti-authoritarian mess ages and regimes.   Irving Kristol, in The emerging American Imperialism, presents imperialism as an unintended consequence of market expansion rather than a conscious goal: one of these days, the American people are going to awaken to the fact that we have become an imperial nation. But he later argues that it is not something unintentional, but that in fact many nations have facilitated and welcomed American cultural values along with American products and ways of life: it happened because the world wanted it to happen. To him, the American missionaries live in Hollywood, which is different from the Old European imperialism, which was based on bureaucratic colonial governments and resource extraction.   Christopher Dunkley, in American Cultural Imperialism: No Bad Thing says that America provides some of the best available anywhere in the world. One of the reasons that American series are so successful in the world is that thanks to its immigration policies, the US has a population with a mixture of Anglo Saxons, Scandinavians, Asians and so on that provides American broadcasters with a domestic audience which is, to all intents and purposes, international. Please the American audience and you can guarantee you will please the world. Some theories of globalization see, instead of cultural imperialism, the movement of products and ideas from across national and cultural borders in ways that produce real changes in cultures like that of the United States. In 1994, MacQuail wrote in his book Mass Communication Theory that not only was United States influencing other cultures, but other cultures were also influencing the US: While one-way flow may be evident in terms of information flows on an information theory quantitative estimate, the reality is that as media technology and economies become more intertwined, this seemingly one-way flow reverses itself into a two-way flow in which what sells abroad influences what Americans see at home. In that perspective, we can talk about an interpenetration of cultures instead of the invasion of American culture in the world. Language is another consideration when speaking about cultural imperialism. English is indeed the language of business, higher education, diplomacy, the Internet, science, popular music, entertainment and international travel. The importance of learning English is not just a political or economic issue4. Logically and arguably, the world needs to have one kind of universal language at a basic level. Economically, having a central language could prove as a great advantage when companies can use the same computer programs in one language. As of 2006, an estimated 1 billion people speak English  5. There has been a greater desire to learn English since the Internet has made such a big impact on the world. The reality is that language and cultural barriers and misunderstandings can get in the way of effective communication and create complications in the work world. With the aid of having a universal language, work can be done more efficiently, safer, and with fewer complications than when there is the factor of a language barrier. For international companies, which have branches all over the world in hundreds of different countries with different languages, this universal language could mean a whole new level of production and growth, and in essence, raise the standard of living for many. Richard Pells states that the effectiveness of the English language as a mass communicator has been essential to the acceptance of the American culture. Unlike other languages, the simpler structure, grammar, and use of more concise sentences in the English language, are all advantageous for the composers of ad slogans, cartoon captions, newspaper headlines, and movie and TV dialogue. English, Pells says, is thus a language exceptionally well suited to the demands and spread of American mass culture10.   The American cultural imperialism as a threat to other cultures We should not forget that the differences in cultures make the world a rich and diverse place. Every individual of each country should have the right to express his or her own culture. A cultural uniformity would lead to the extinction of cultures and it would definitely represent a great loss.   However, the American culture is intruding on most cultures in the world, in many cases threatening their existence. Superman, Spider-man, and Batman replace local heroes; Pepsi and Coke replace local fruit drinks; and trick or treat begin to replace Dia de los Muertos. Perhaps more insidious, to compete with American cultural imports, local varieties and products begin to mimic American products. All the exportation of goods and information from the United States to the entire planet contributes to the exportation of the American culture.   We know that the United States is the leader in exporting its information. One problem is that the United States sells its information and media products so cheaply that it is impossible for the whole world to compete. The American producers budget to cover their costs within the US market and can consequently sell at unbeatable prices internationally. A consequence is that it is much cheaper to buy, for example, a blockbuster Hollywood movie made in the United States than to make a less expensive local production in another country. As a famous movie director George Lucas says, the United States is a provincial country with a culture that has invaded the world via Hollywood. As long as there has been a talking Hollywood, Hollywood has had a huge impact on the rest of the world. Lucas points out that people in other countries are troubled by what they see as US culture squashing local art and cinema. The motivations behind American cultural imperialism parallel the justifications for U.S. imperialism throughout history: the desire for access to foreign markets and the belief in the superiority of American culture. Though the United States does boast the worlds largest, most powerful economy, no business is completely satisfied with controlling only the American market; American corporations want to control the other 95 percent of the worlds consumers as well. Many industries are incredibly successful in that venture. According to the Guardian, American films accounted for approximately 80 percent of global box office revenue in January 2003. And who can forget good old Micky Ds? With over 30,000 restaurants in over one hundred countries, the ubiquitous golden arches of McDonalds are now, according to Eric Schlossers Fast Food Nation, more widely recognized than the Christian cross. Such American domination inevitably hurts local markets, as the majority of foreign industries are unable to compete with the economic strength of U.S. industry. Because it serves American economic interests, corporations conveniently ignore the detrimental impact of American control of foreign markets. It is easy enough to convince Americans of the superiority of their culture, but how does one convince the rest of the world of the superiority of American culture? The answer is simple: marketing. Whether attempting to sell an item, a brand, or an entire culture, marketers have always been able to successfully associate American products with modernity in the minds of consumers worldwide. While corporations seem to simply sell Nike shoes or Gap jeans (both, ironically, manufactured outside of the United States), they are also selling the image of America as the land of cool. This indissoluble association causes consumers all over the globe to clamor ceaselessly for the same American products. In recent years, American corporations have developed an even more successful global strategy: instead of advertising American conformity with blonde-haired, blue-eyed, stereotypical Americans, they pitch diversity. These campaigns-such as McDonalds new international Im lovin it campaign-work by drawing on the United States history as an ethnically integrated nation composed of essentially every culture in the world. An early example of this global marketing tactic was found in a Coca Cola commercial from 1971 featuring children from many different countries innocently singing, Id like to teach the world to sing in perfect harmony/Id like to buy the world a Coke to keep it company. This commercial illustrates an attempt to portray a U.S. goods as a product capable of transcending political, ethnic, religious, social, and economic differences to unite the world (according to the Coca-Cola Company, we can achieve world peace through consumerism). Today, the spread of American culture goes through every communication medium: 90% of the information available on the Internet is in English, CNN is seen in 120 countries, Stephen King is the number one best seller in the world. Obviously, there is already a process of cultural uniformity going on, and this can be seen as a great loss.   More recently, Viacoms MTV has successfully adapted this strategy by integrating many different Americanized cultures into one unbelievably influential American network (with over 280 million subscribers worldwide). According to a 1996 New World Teen Study conducted by DMBBs BrainWaves division, of the 26,700 middle-class teens in forty-five countries surveyed, 85 percent watch MTV every day. These teens absorb what MTV intends to show as a diverse mix of cultural influences but is really nothing more than manufactured stars singing in English to appeal to American popular taste. If the strength of these diverse American images is not powerful enough to move products, American corporations also appropriate local cultures into their advertising abroad. Unlike Levitts weak multinationals, these corporations dont bend to local tastes; they merely insert indigenous celebrities or trends to present the facade of a customized advertisement. MTV has spawned over twenty networks specific to certain geographical areas such as Brazil and Japan. These specialized networks further spread the association between American and modernity under the pretense of catering to local taste. Similarly, commercials in India in 2000 featured Bollywood stars Hrithik Roshan promoting Coke and Shahrukh Khan promoting Pepsi (Sanjeev Srivastava, Cola Row in India. BBC News Online). By using popular local icons in their advertisements, U.S. corporations successfully associate what is fashionable in local cultures with what is fashionable in America. America essentially samples the worlds cu ltures, repackages them with the American trademark of materialism, and resells them to the world. Compounding the influence of commercial images are the media and information industries, which present both explicit and implicit messages about the very real military and economic hegemony of the United States. Ironically, the industry that claims to be the source for fair and balanced information plays a large role in the propagation of American influence around the world. The concentration of media ownership during the 1990s enabled both American and British media organizations to gain control of the majority of the worlds news services. Satellites allow over 150 million households in approximately 212 countries and territories worldwide to subscribe to CNN, a member of Time Warner, the worlds largest media conglomerate. In the words of British sociologist Jeremy Tunstall, When a government allows news importation, it is in effect importing a piece of another countrys politics-which is true of no other import. In addition to politics and commercials, networks like CNN also present foreign countries with unabashed accounts of the military and economic superiority of the United States. The internationalization of television news, while unquestionably a crucial aspect of the processes generally lumped together as globalization, seems paradoxically to be the least well examined, yet most alluded to, aspect of the globalization phenomena. (Paterson, C. Global television news services, Media in Global Context: A Reader, Oxford University Press:1997, p.145). As Paterson points out in his article, few people actually seem to know that most television broadcasters buy international news from transnational news agencies like Rauters, Worldwide Television News and Associated Press Television. Or as Paterson puts it: since television is the major force in shaping how Europe and America see the world, and is becoming so in the rest of the industrialised world and much of the developing world, then the images selected by these few television journalists of similar training and background, are absolutely crucial determinants of how people world-wide perceiver other nations and global issues.  Some of these major news corporations are more closely allied with Rupert Murdoch, and Rupert Murdoch is widely believed to have used his print and broadcast news holding in Britain to bolster Thatcher and Thatcherism (Bagdikian:1989, found in Paterson, C. Global television news services, Media in Global Context: A Reader, Oxford University Press:1997 p.154). Commercialisation gives further reason for concern about international news. The tabloidization regarding printed media, and overflow of clichà ©s in television, as Paterson points out, is principally a process of dumbening down news, and putting emphases on news concerning sports and stars etc. which may perhaps have further impact on peoples political perception (or maybe lack of it). This trend rises questions about consumerism in the west, and what impact this may have on a global scale. But why is it happening and with such success?  cultural imperialism is understood in the terms of the imposition of one national culture upon another and the media are seen as central to this process as carriers of cultural meanings which penetrate and dominate the culture of the subordinate nation. (Barker, C. Global television, Blackwell Publishers: 1997 p.183)  . In conclusion media have speeded up the connection between cultures and thereby started to erase the boundaries of space, and even more profound boundaries of nations and government ensuring free flow of information and influence. The fact that America arguably is in the centre of this development rises concerns about which influences and the voice of whom we are hearing. The homogenisation thesis involved, as posed by many theorists, is both seen as an advantage and a reason for concern. This concern perhaps mainly because of the threat of American cultural imperialism and a consequent loss of diversity, and the possible immense power of position for whom leads this trend because of what seems to be an ability to override governments. The capitalistic nature of media prevents any revolt against the almost monopolistic position the western world has on globalisation via media, and there seem to be no authority that can intervene in this process preventing a monopoly. So however roman tic the idea of cultures being brought closer together is, there are also power struggles and the possibility to exploit this development, which American officials openly admit to be attempting.   The rise of English as an international language of trade and politics has been one of the strongest vehicles for the transmission of American culture. The place of English in the world has crystallized in the past decades you can read signs in English in every capital, and fluency in English has become a taken-for-granted prerequisite for upper-level positions in international trade and politics. While the forces leading to the rise of an international language differ greatly from cultural imperialism, it would be difficult to separate the two. As English becomes a global language, it becomes clear that language and culture cannot be separated. The AP National Writer journalist Anthony Ted says every one from the French to the Indonesians worry that where English goes, America will follow. Scholars Nye and Owen admitted that it is the goal of the United States to have English as the international language: It is in the economic and political interests of the United States to ensure that, if the world is moving to a common language, it be English; that if the world is becoming linked by television, radio and music, the programming be American; and that, if common values are being developed, they be values with which Americans are comfortable. According to them, not only it is intentional, but also it is a developing reality. If this spread of values, language, and information is purely because of economic and political interest for the United States, the well-being of other cultures and their freedom of expression are not taken into consideration except instrumentally can they be bought and sold for a profit, or can they be used to political advantage to the profit and advantage of the US.   Not all social critics see the Americanization of the world as a negative phenomenon. Proponents of cultural imperialism, such as David Rothkopf, a former senior official in Clintons Department of Commerce, argue that American cultural imperialism is in the interest not only of the United States but also of the world at large. Rothkopf cites Samuel Huntingtons theory from The Clash of Civilizations and the Beginning of the World Order that, the greater the cultural disparities in the world, the more likely it is that conflict will occur. Rothkopf argues that the removal of cultural barriers through U.S. cultural imperialism will promote a more stable world, one in which American culture reigns supreme as the most just, the most tolerant, the most willing to constantly reassess and improve itself, and the best model for the future. Rothkopf is correct in one sense: Americans are on the way to establishing a global society with minimal cultural barriers. However, one must question whet her this projected society is truly beneficial for all involved. Is it worth sacrificing countless indigenous cultures for the unlikely promise of a world without conflict? Around the world, the answer is an overwhelming No! Disregarding the fact that a world of homogenized culture would not necessarily guarantee a world without conflict, the complex fabric of diverse cultures around the world is a fundamental and indispensable basis of humanity. Throughout the course of human existence, millions have died to preserve their indigenous culture. It is a fundamental right of humanity to be allowed to preserve the mental, physical, intellectual, and creative aspects of ones society. A single global culture would be nothing more than a shallow, artificial culture of materialism reliant on technology. The attempt by UNESCO to regulate a more equal flow of communication between the North and the South, to protect cultural diversity and to protect countries from cultural imperialism unfortunately resulted in the withdrawal of the United States because it did not correspond to its financial interests. Since 1984, which is the date of the American withdrawal, UNESCO keeps trying to influence and give recommendations to governments, but it has no power over the main country that owns most of the communication flow in the world: the United States of America.  

Informed Consent Quality of Life: Respirating Cadaver Confidentiality :: Medicine Ethics

Informed Consent Quality of Life: Respirating Cadaver Confidentiality Artificial Heart: What makes humans human Artificial Heart Research vs. Quality of Life Informed Consent-Therapeutic Misconception Using humans as guinea pigs-respect for human life Barney Clark was used as a guinea pig. The patient was not going to benefit from the procedure but the procedure was done to try to improve the surgery for the whole of society. The chances of his prolonged survival were nearly nonexistent. Pros- The procedure could have improved the outcome for future patients of artificial heart transplants. The improvement of medicine to benefit whole of society. There are now models of artificial hearts that can lead to better chances for heart patients. Cons- The patients autonomy is compromised due to the fact the procedure would not benefit him in any way. The therapeutic effect is non-existent for Barney Clark and there is a possibility that there would be therapeutic misconception by Barney Clark thinking the surgery would in someway save his life. The use of humans for research does not show respect for the human life and what it represents and goes against the idea of beneficence since no good is being done for the patient. Quality of Life: Respirating Cadaver Following the surgery, Barney Clark was rendered almost completely immobile by the large machinery that was attached to him at all times. For the 112 days Barney Clark lived he was riddled by constant infection and he had several strokes due to clotting in the artificial heart. Pros- At least he was alive. Cons- The quality of life was terrible for Barney Clark after the surgery. The surgery did not save his life, it prolonged his death. With his immobility and constant pain from the Jarvik-7 Barney Clark probably would have been better off just allowing himself to die of the original heart failure.